ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the most misunderstood neurobiological genetic disorders. Many myths persist about its causes, symptoms, and treatments, often leading to harmful misconceptions that can prevent those affected from receiving proper care. In this blog, we’ll break down some of the most common myths and reveal the truth based on research and clinical insights.

Myth 1: ADHD is caused by harsh parenting or too much screen time.

Truth:
ADHD is a genetic neurobiological disorder with a heritability rate of around 75%. While environmental factors such as screen time or parenting styles may affect symptom management, they do not cause ADHD. It’s important to recognise that ADHD stems from brain development and genetics, not parenting practices.
(Elia et al. 2010; Guan et al. 2009; Rietveld et al. 2004)

Myth 2: People with ADHD "can't pay attention to anything."

Truth:
People with ADHD can pay attention, but their focus can fluctuate. ADHD affects the ability to regulate attention, meaning that focus can shift between periods of distraction and hyperfocus, depending on the task. For example, people with ADHD may struggle with routine tasks but excel at focusing on something they find highly interesting or stimulating.
(Antshel, Hier, and Barkley 2014)

Myth 3: ADHD is just about being hyperactive.

Truth:
While hyperactivity is a symptom for some, ADHD is much more than that. It affects executive functioning—cognitive processes that include working memory, time management, emotional regulation, planning, and organisation. Many people with ADHD struggle with the "invisible" symptoms that disrupt their daily lives.
(Brown 2009; Barkley 2005)

Myth 4: ADHD is overdiagnosed.

Truth:
Contrary to this belief, ADHD is often underdiagnosed, especially in certain populations, such as girls and adults. In fact, only 10% of individuals who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD seek formal diagnosis and treatment within the first year of recognising their symptoms. Misconceptions about the disorder may delay or prevent diagnosis altogether.
(Kessler et al. 2006)

Myth 5: People with ADHD just need to use more "self-control."

Truth:
ADHD isn’t a problem of willpower or self-control. It's a neurodevelopmental condition that affects brain function, particularly in areas responsible for attention, impulse control, and emotion regulation. Stimulant medications, along with behavioural treatments, are the most effective interventions, and when combined, these treatments can help people manage their symptoms more effectively.
(Pelham et al. 2014; Jensen 2009)

Myth 6: You can be cured of ADHD.

Truth:
There is no cure for ADHD, but it is a treatable condition. Effective treatment can significantly reduce the intensity and frequency of symptoms. Managing ADHD often involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes, which can help people thrive in their personal and professional lives.
(No specific reference provided)

Myth 7: People with ADHD are too hyperactive or distracted to benefit from exercise.

Truth:
Exercise is a powerful tool for managing ADHD symptoms. Physical activity boosts neurotransmitters like dopamine, which helps improve focus, attention, and executive functioning. Both short-term and long-term exercise have been shown to reduce symptoms and enhance cognitive performance in people with ADHD.
(Ng, 2017; Rommel et al. 2013; Archer and Kostrzewa 2012; Volkow et al. 2009)

Final Thoughts:

The myths surrounding ADHD often contribute to stigma and misunderstanding. By debunking these misconceptions, we can better support those with ADHD and help create an environment where they can access the right treatments and thrive. ADHD is complex and highly individualised, but with the right knowledge and care, it is manageable.

If you or someone you know is struggling with ADHD, consider speaking to a mental health professional who can guide you on the path to effective treatment and support.

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